Modeling and analysis of hybrid-blood nanofluid flow in stenotic artery.

Current communication deals with the flow impact of blood inside cosine shape stenotic artery. The under consideration blood flow is treated as Newtonian fluid and flow is assumed to be two dimensional. The governing equation are modelled and solved by adopting similarity transformation under the stenosis assumptions. The important quantities like Prandtl number, flow parameter, blood flow rate and skin friction are attained to analyze the blood flow phenomena in stenosis. The variations of different parameters have been shown graphically. It is of interest to note that velocity increases due to change in flow parameter gamma and temperature of blood decreases by increasing nanoparticles volume fraction and Prandtl number. In the area of medicine, the most interesting nanotechnology approach is the nanoparticles applications in chemotherapy. This study provides further motivation to include more convincing consequences in the present model to represent the blood rheology.

Thermal enhancement and numerical solution of blood nanofluid flow through stenotic artery.

The blood flow through stenotic artery is one of the important research area in computational fluid mechanics due to its application in biomedicine. Aim of this research work is to investigate the impact of nanoparticles on the characteristics of human blood flow in a stenosed blood artery. In under consideration problem Newtonian fluid is assumed as human blood. Newtonian fluid flows through large blood vessels (more than 300 µm). The constitutive equations together with the boundary conditions are diminished to non-dimensional form by using boundary layer approximation and similarity transfiguration to attain the solution of velocity and temperature distribution of blood flow through arterial stenosis numerically with the help of Matlab bvp4c. The results for physical quantities at cylindrical surface are calculated and their effects are also presented through tables. The heat transfer rate increases throughout the stenosed artery with the concentration of copper nanoparticle. Velocity curve decreases by increasing the values of flow parameter and nanoparticle volume fraction. Temperature curve increases due to increase in the values of nanoparticle volume fraction and decrease in Prandtl number.

Retraction: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection Mimicking as Pulmonary Tuberculosis in an Inmate.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8464.].

An Extremely Rare Case of Anomalous Left Main Coronary Artery Originating From Single Right Coronary Ostium Managed Using Heart Team Approach.

Anomalies of coronary artery origin are rare, difficult to diagnose using conventional testing methods and extremely challenging to eventually manage once diagnosed. The risk of adverse outcomes increases as such patients age and develop atherosclerosis in such vessels. A comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach may be required to best manage such difficult cases.  We present a case of a 65-year-old female with symptoms of chest pain concerning for unstable angina. She also complained of occasional diaphoresis and dizziness. Physical examination revealed a regular heart rhythm with no vascular bruits. An electrocardiogram (EKG) only showed normal sinus rhythm and left axis deviation. Non-invasive testing included an echocardiogram, which showed multiple wall motion abnormalities. A diagnostic cardiac catheterization via right radial artery approach was performed to delineate her coronary anatomy and rule out ischemic etiology. This led to diagnosis of anomalous coronary anatomy with an anomalous left main coronary artery from single right coronary ostium. Furthermore, it showed significant obstructive multi-vessel coronary artery disease involving distal left main artery, proximal left anterior descending artery, left circumflex and right coronary arteries. The patient had a right dominant system with absent left coronary cusp. Percutaneous vs surgical revascularization options were considered. Given high Syntax score and acceptable Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) risk, Heart Team approach was pursued and the patient was referred for multi-vessel surgical revascularization.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection Mimicking as Pulmonary Tuberculosis in an Inmate.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging global infectious disease with emerging medical knowledge. Clinical presentation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is very variable amongst patients, and the literature about unusual presentations is growing rapidly. This lack of knowledge leads to diagnostic, therapeutic, and management challenges in such patients. Here, we describe a case of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a low prevalence area which was initially diagnosed and managed as pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in a high-risk inmate population. These ambiguous presentations can lead to mismanagement of such patients resulting in potentially fatal outcomes and public health crises in confined facilities. This also highlights the significance of a high index of clinical suspicion for SARS-CoV-2 especially in high risk and vulnerable populations.

Effect of time dependent viscosity and radiation efficacy on a non-Newtonian fluid flow.

In the present article we have studied the radiation effects on the flow of a viscoelastic fluid flow past a spongy plate by considering the viscosity as variable. In order to explore the variable viscosity effects, law of conservation of mass, momentum and energy are flourished. The shooting method is adapted to accomplish the numerical solution of governing equations. The effects of the involved emerging parameters such as Reynolds' model viscosity numbers, Vogel's model viscosity numbers and Prandtl numbers on velocity and temperature profiles are discussed with the help of graphs. The associated physical properties of the flow i.e. the skin friction coefficient and Nusselt numbers are presented graphically for different parameters. The tables for effects of distinct parameters on temperature profile at the wall for Reynolds' model and Vogel's model are given. Impact of various parameters involved on Nusselt number and skin friction are also presented in tables.

Outcome of Scapulothoracic Arthroscopy for Painful Snapping Scapula.

INTRODUCTION: Patients with scapulothoracic syndrome present with pain in the scapulothoracic area aggravated by overhead and repetitive shoulder movements. The aim of our study was to assess the outcome of scapulothoracic arthroscopic treatment in patients with painful snapping scapula in our institution. METHODS: Fourteen patients underwent scapulothoracic arthroscopic treatment for painful snapping scapula. Pre-operatively, all these patients had a trial of conservative treatment modalities for at least 6 months. Two portals along the medial border of scapula were used for arthroscopy and instrumentation. In three cases a superior portal was also used. The arm was placed in the "chicken wing" position so that the scapula lifted up from the chest wall. Outcome was assessed using pre and postoperative pain visual analogue score and Oxford Shoulder Score. RESULTS: Of the fourteen patients included in our study, ten were female and four were male patients. Mean age at the time of surgery was 27.6 years. Mean follow up was 35.7 months. Pain visual analogue score improved significantly from a mean of 8.8 preoperatively to 2.5 postoperatively (P value 0.00002). There was also a significant improvement in Oxford Shoulder Score from a mean of 10.8 to 40.9 (P= 0.00001). Mean crepitus score significantly decreased from 2.6 to 0.21 (p < 0.00001). Crepitus completely resolved in eleven patients. In three there was residual palpable crepitus but they had good pain relief. CONCLUSION: Arthroscopic scapulothoracic treatment provides significant pain relief and functional improvement for painful snapping scapula symptoms not responding to non-surgical treatment modalities.